Programmed Cell Death Pathways in Cholangiocarcinoma: Opportunities for Targeted Therapy

Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly aggressive cancer arising from the bile ducts. The limited effectiveness of conventional therapies has prompted search for new approaches to target this disease. Recent evidence suggests that distinct programmed cell death mechanisms, namely, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis, play critical role in development progression cholangiocarcinoma. This review aims summarize current knowledge on cholangiocarcinoma its potential implications novel therapies. Several studies have shown dysregulation apoptotic signaling pathways contributes tumorigenesis resistance treatment. Similarly, which are pro-inflammatory forms death, been implicated promoting immune recruitment activation, thus enhancing antitumor response. Moreover, recent suggested targeting could sensitize cells chemotherapy immunotherapy. In conclusion, represents relevant molecular mechanism pathogenesis cholangiocarcinoma, further research needed fully elucidate underlying details possibly identify therapeutic strategies.